How to fix a sewer drain that keeps backing up in my house?

 
Identify the Issue
 

Begin by determining if the backup is localized to one fixture, such as a sink or bathtub, or if it is affecting multiple drains throughout your home. This information will help you understand whether the blockage is further downstream in the main sewer line or only in a branch line.

• Observe symptoms like slow draining, gurgling noises, or water backing up in unusual places.
• Note recent changes such as heavy rainfall or noticeable smells, which might indicate a broader sewer line issue.
• Understand if the problem correlates with specific times or conditions (e.g., after heavy use in the home).

 
Ensure Safety Precautions
 

Before inspecting or attempting any repair, make sure to follow proper safety measures to protect yourself:

• Wear protective gloves, eyewear, and clothing as sewer lines can contain harmful bacteria.
• Ventilate the area if you are working in a confined space to avoid inhaling any toxic fumes.
• Keep a cable phone or a cell phone nearby in case you need assistance.

 
Inspect and Diagnose the Problem
 

Diagnosing the precise cause of the backup is crucial. The blockage could be due to debris build-up, grease accumulation, foreign objects, or invasive tree roots. Follow these steps:

• Locate the cleanout: The main sewer cleanout allows you access to the line for inspection. It is usually found near your home’s foundation or exterior wall.
• Perform a visual check: Remove the cover and examine for any obvious blockages or debris in the sewer line.
• Listen for unusual sounds: Running water can sometimes help you hear gurgling or bubbling, which may indicate a blockage.
• Consider using a drain camera: A professional-grade inspection camera can provide a detailed look inside the pipes to identify issues such as cracks or tree root intrusions.

 
Clear Minor Blockages
 

For minor clogs or grease buildup, you can try a few do-it-yourself methods:

• Mechanical snake: Use a drain snake or auger to carefully remove material that is causing the blockage. Insert it slowly into the pipe while turning to break up any clogs.
• Non-caustic cleaning agents: If the blockage is due to grease, a non-caustic enzymatic drain cleaner may help break down the buildup without damaging the piping.
• Plunging: For localized backups at fixtures such as sinks or toilets, a heavy-duty plunger may produce enough pressure to dislodge the clog.

 
Address Tree Root Intrusions
 

If your inspection indicates that tree roots have infiltrated and obstructed the sewer line, further actions will be needed:

• Mechanical root cutting: Specialized sewer augers equipped with cutting tools can trim offending roots.
• Chemical root control: Products designed to dissolve roots can be used cautiously to prevent regrowth, but follow instructions carefully.
• Consider lining or replacing the pipe: In severe cases, pipe relining or replacement might be necessary to permanently fix the issue and prevent recurrence.

 
Consider a Professional Inspection and Repair
 

If the backup persists after your attempts to clear the blockage, or if you suspect serious issues within the main sewer line, it is best to call a professional plumber:

• Professional plumbers can perform advanced diagnostics using high-resolution cameras to precisely locate blockages and structural issues.
• They have access to more robust equipment, such as hydro-jetters, which use high-pressure water to clear debris and buildup.
• Professionals can also assess if there is an issue with your municipal sewer connection that might be beyond a simple in-house repair.

 
Implement Preventative Measures
 

After repairing the blockage, consider long-term preventative strategies to reduce the chance of recurring backups:

• Regular maintenance: Schedule periodic inspections and cleanings of your sewer line to remove any developing buildups.
• Drain guards: Install drain covers or guards to prevent large solids and debris from entering the sewer lines.
• Proper waste disposal: Avoid disposing of grease, oil, or non-degradable items down the drain; dispose of them appropriately.
• Landscape management: If tree roots are a recurrent problem, consider consulting an arborist about the placement of trees relative to your sewer line or explore root barriers.

 

Many local homeowners in St. Louis and Nashville have found that regular maintenance is key to preventing such issues.